I. The industrial age and civilization (mid-19th century to
1939)
3. Religion, culture and arts
Pope Pius XI
→ Religion (mid
19th – 1939)
– extension of religions and in particular of Christianity (Christianity
discovering the world, idea of secularism, Judaism, Islam, religions
of Asia)
– catholicism (popes Pius IX, Louis XIII, Pius X, Benedict XV, Pius XI,
concordats with Italy and Germany, Lateran pact in 1929)
– islam (modernization or fundamentalist currents)
Albert Einstein
→ Arts and science (mid-19th century – 1939)
– positivism (rise from 1880, decline from 1890),
psychoanalysis (Freud)
– scientific advances (theory of relativity, wave mechanics
wave mechanics, principle of indeterminacy, structure of matter,
radioactivity)
– new paintings (impressionism, post-impressionism, fauvism
cubism, abstract, expressionism)
– feeling of failure resulting from the First World War (Dadaism,
contestation, abstract painting)
– architectural revival
→ Culture (mid-19th –1939)
– print media (news agencies, tabloids, comics, daily and
weeklies)
– media (radio, cinema)
– leisure and sports (soccer, cycling, rock music, pop)
– ideologies (socialist realism, fascism, futurism, degenerate art and
german art)
Futurist painting by Giacomo Balla
Consult all the cards on the
world from the 19th century to the present day <<
