VI. C. The European Union since 1992

→ The European Union is growing stronger

– Maastricht Treaty in 1992
– European Monetary Institute in 1994, Madrid Summit in 1995 which chose the name of the euro, Euro put into circulation in 2002
– Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997 (modifies the modalities of representation of the EU by the small countries, as well as the community expenses in particular)
– Treaty of Nice on December 12, 2000, which integrates the European Charter of Fundamental Rights, determines the representation of the members of the EU)

→ The European Union’s openness

– the European Union enlarges for the third time on January^1, 1995 (Austria, Sweden, Finland)
– Five Lomé conventions between 1975 and 2000 (cooperation with the Third World)
– the Cotonou Convention took place in February 2000 and focused on political dialogue
– europe represents 50% of world trade in goods and services
– in 2007 two new countries joined the EU: Romania and Bulgaria; in 2013 a new country: Croatia

→ Chronology of European construction

→ Disappointments in the European Union

– failure of the European Constitution, rejected in France in 2005
– the European Union has been hard hit by the financial crisis that has affected the world since 2007
– the public debt crisis in European member states (especially Greece)
– greece, Ireland, Portugal, Cyprus, Spain and Italy are the most affected
– Brexit

→ 20 contemporary history flashcards (1945 – 2017)