I. The industrial age and civilization (mid-19th century to
1939)
2. Europe and the World
→ Europe dominates the
world
– europe already controls the world (colonization since the 15th century, golden age of
geography in the 19th century, political and economic reasons, desire to expand
of expansion, colonial parties, opposition to colonization)
– europe extends its influence (control of Asia, of the Ottoman Empire, sharing of
of Africa (Berlin conference in 1884), strengthening of the metropolises after the
of the metropolises after the First World War)
→ The establishment of the colonial system
– different modes of administration (central/local administration,
english model and principle of association (dominion, protectorate, India,
crown colony, French model and principle of assimilation,
european or indigenous administrators)
– accumulation of wealth through the colonies (exploitation of the natives,
of the colonies, trading economy, exploitation of mines)
– the division between the colonialists and the natives (the colonialists versus the natives
the natives, demographic upheavals, urbanization, acculturation,
partitioning of the colonies and classes of society, majority rurality)
→ The consolidation of the colonial system (1914-1939)
– promotion of the idea of a colonial world (role of the colonies in the war,
education, colonial exhibitions)
– metropolis-colonies relations (freedom granted to the colonies (Statute of Westminster)
Westminster status), economic consolidation)
– wills of independence (disappointment of the promises of war, economic difficulties
economic difficulties, desire for equality, nationalist parties, Communist International
international, anti-colonial intellectuals)
Commonwealth Prime Ministers in 1926
Consult all the files on the
world from the 19th century to the present day <<
