Mass culture and popular culture

To better understand the stakes of culture in contemporary society, here is a course on mass culture. First, the terms culture and mass culture will be defined according to four …

V. B. Post-Gaullism

Giscard d’Estaing (on the left on the picture) and Mitterrand (on the right on the picture) succeed Georges Pompidou. V. France since 1945 B. Post-Gaullism: Pompidou, Giscard d’Estaing, and Mitterrand …

France under Vichy (1939-1944)

France was deeply affected by the outbreak of the Second World War and its defeat by the Germans, which led to the Occupation and the Vichy regime. It is these …

Answers : The European Union in globalization

Globalization is a complex phenomenon with important consequences for global economic and political relations. The European Union is a key player in globalization, with its trade and cooperation policies having …

The Black American Revolt

To understand the project of a popular history of the United States, intended by Howard Zinn’s historian, go here A popular history of American society after 1945. This engaged history …

The history of May 68

May 68 was one of the most important events of the current French Republic. Why was May 68 so decisive in the evolution of society? This course on May 68 …