III. From one war to another (1914-1939)
1. World War I, the Russian Revolution, and the upheaval of Europe
→ The First World War
World War I
The characteristics of World War I
– world war (interlocking alliances, from Europe to the world)
– total war (mobilizes all human and economic means, and all societies)
– brutalization (through new techniques, trench system, moral brutalization process)
The stages of the 1st World War
– the first offensives (first attacks, stalemate), 1915-1916
– conflicts on the periphery (in the Middle East, in the colonies)
– towards victory (military concerns, year 1917, United States, political crisis, social crisis, victory)
→ Europe’s upheavals with the Russian Revolution
Assessment of the war:
– human toll (demographics, veterans)
– economy (quantifying the damage, finances)
– moral (decadence of society, commemorate, pacifism vs. brutalization)
The transformed Europe :
– treaties (treaty of Versailles, other treaties, diplomacy)
– new European map (fate of Germany, reshuffling, criticism of the division)
World upheavals :
– decline of Europe (the loss of prestige of Europe, new powers)
– russia (Russian revolutions, consequences of revolutions, Europe transformed after the revolutions)
Russian Revolution of 1917
→ New relations
The new diplomacy:
Meeting at the Society of Nations in 1928
– the spirit of Geneva (League of Nations, pacifism, war and alliances)
– The isolationist temptation of the United States (ruptures and continuities after the First World War, foreign policy)
The issues at stake in the aftermath of the war :
– the question of reparations (Versailles, occupation of the Ruhr)
– franco-German rapprochement (Briand-Stresemann couple, normalization of relations)
– sensitive issues (inter-allied debts, territorial disagreements, concerns about the USSR)
Hello, just to point out a typing error on the word war: → The upheavals of Europe with the Russian Revolution Bilan de la gerre …
@Blaise: Yes!
Hello, I am a student at Saint-Paul college in Saint-Etienne and I would like to use one of your photos. Is it possible ?