It’s a word you’ve heard often, but it often deserves more explanation. Here are some explanations to better understand the term ghetto, with first the etymology of the word ghetto, then a definition, and finally some details on the concept of ghetto.
Etymology of ghetto
Forged by derivation from Italian giudecca, borghettoor gietto (or from German Gitter or Talmudic Hebrew get: the etymology is disputed)
Loïc Wacquant, The Two Faces of the Ghetto
16th century, guetto. Borrowed from the Venetian ghetto, “foundry”, name of a small island in Venice where the Jews were assigned to live, derived from ghettare, “to throw away”.
Dictionary of the French Academy
Definition of ghetto
Originally, in the second half of the nineteenth century, the term referred to the residential concentrations of European Jews in the ports of the Atlantic front, and was clearly distinguished from the slumas an area of deteriorating housing and a melting pot of social pathologies. It expanded during the Progressive Era to encompass all the innercity districts in which “exotic” newcomers, immigrants from the working classes of Southeastern Europe and African Americans fleeing the brutal caste system of the American South, were congregated.
Loïc Wacquant, The Two Faces of the Ghetto
In some European cities, a neighborhood where Jews resided, either by choice or by obligation.
In other words, a neighborhood where a community lives isolated from the rest of the population, in generally miserable conditions.
Dictionary of the French Academy
Precisions on the notion of ghettoThat
said, Loïc Wacquant makes some precisions:
1. Poverty is a frequent but derivative and variable feature of ghettos
Loïc Wacquant cites three examples: the Judengasse in Frankfurt, the Harlem of the 1930s, and the Bronzeville of Chicago.
2. If all ghettos are segregated, not all segregated areas are ghettos
Some places, such as the upscale suburbs, form places that are positively distinctive.
3. Ghettos and ethnic neighborhoods have divergent structures and opposite functions
In the latter case, segregation is partial and porous, i.e. it is more diffuse. It is not imposed by the other populations.
